The Effect of Initial Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio on Kitchen Waste Composting Maturity

A home electrical composter has arisen as a popular tool to expedite the lengthy composting process. It been conveniently selected compost producer in kitchen households and is especially favoured urbanized settings. The generated composts from composter, however, are still found be immature would require additional curing. quality of can improved by investigating initial carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) waste. is, therefore, aim this paper determine optimum C/N preparing two primary samples: with without soil. Samples 10:1, 15:1, 20:1, 25:1, 30:1, 35:1 ratios were fed into allowed cure for 4 weeks. six main samples further divided sub-samples replications. phytotoxicity levels maturity produced assessed terms germination index (GI), using seed test. In addition, statistical analyses box plots T-distributed Stochastic Neighbour Embedding (T-SNE) carried out observe root growths’ variability deduce any significant clusters amongst samples. results have shown that soil performed better 10:1 25:1 GI values 16.2 31.8, respectively. also indicate presence substantial level phytotoxins within samples, even after four weeks